Hoʻonaʻauao Poʻo a me ka ʻĀʻī Kumu Hoʻohālike Anatomical ʻIʻo Umauma, Kiʻi Anatomy Kanaka, Kumu Hoʻohālike Kino Kanaka, Kumu Hoʻohālike Anatomical Poʻo Kanaka a me nā ʻIʻo no ke Aʻo ʻana i ka Maka Micro Plastic, ʻoki kino maka ʻiʻo

• Hōʻike kēia kumu hoʻohālike i nā ʻiʻo o ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī a me nā kikoʻī o ka umauma. E hōʻike i nā ʻiʻo ma luna a me nā ʻiʻo hohonu e like me ka hiki, a hana i ka hoʻolālā o ke anatomia kikoʻī i loko o ke aʻa subclavian a me ke aʻa carotid kūloko.
• Ua hoʻolauna ʻia ke ʻano anatomical, ka anatomical, anatomy a me ke lapaʻau e hoʻopili ana i ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī i nā kikoʻī kikoʻī o ke ʻano kūloko a me ka hierarchy. Pili ia i nā pae anatomical like ʻole, nā wahi anatomical o nā ʻiʻo o ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī, nā lymph node o ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī, ka lako koko, fascia, a pēlā aku.
• He ʻoiaʻiʻo ke kumu hoʻohālike, ʻālohilohi ke kala. Ua maopopo ka ʻili Gully i ka nānā koke ʻana.
• Hele mai ia me kahi māka kuhikuhi kikohoʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka wikiwiki e hoʻohana, a hāʻawi pū i ka ʻike a me ka pono.
• Kūpono no ke ʻoki poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī, neurosurgery, maxillofacial surgeon a me nā mea pili.
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Aia ma kahi o 639 mau ʻiʻo o ke kino kanaka. Ua hana ʻia ia me kahi o 6 biliona mau olonā ʻiʻo, ʻo ka olonā ʻiʻo lōʻihi loa he 60 kenimika, a ʻo ka mea pōkole loa he 1 milimita wale nō. ʻO ke kaumaha o nā ʻiʻo nui ma kahi o ʻelua kilokani, ʻo nā mea liʻiliʻi he mau grama wale nō. ʻO nā ʻiʻo o ke kanaka maʻamau he 35 a 45 pakeneka o ke kaumaha o ko lākou kino.
Wahi a ke ʻano like ʻole a me ka hana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻiʻo laumania, ʻiʻo puʻuwai a me nā ʻiʻo iwi, a e like me ke ʻano, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻiʻo lōʻihi, ʻiʻo pōkole, ʻiʻo pālahalaha a me ka ʻiʻo orbicularis [2]. ʻO ka ʻiʻo laumania ka mea nui i haku ʻia me nā ʻōpū kūloko a me nā kīʻaha koko, me ka lohi o ka ʻūlū ʻana, ka paʻa, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka luhi a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka myocardium ka paia o ka puʻuwai, ʻaʻole ʻelua e ʻaelike me ka makemake o kānaka, no laila ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he ʻiʻo makemake ʻole. Hoʻolaha ʻia ka ʻiʻo iwi ma ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī, ke kumu a me nā lālā, pili pinepine i ka iwi, wikiwiki ka ʻūlū ʻana o ka ʻiʻo iwi, ikaika, maʻalahi ka luhi, hiki ke ʻaelike me ka makemake o kānaka, i kapa ʻia he ʻiʻo manawaleʻa. ʻO ka ʻiʻo iwi i ʻike ʻia ma lalo o ka microscope he transverse striated, no laila ua kapa ʻia hoʻi he ʻiʻo striated.
ʻO ka ʻiʻo iwi ka ʻāpana mana o ka ʻōnaehana neʻe, i māhele ʻia i nā olonā ʻiʻo keʻokeʻo a me ka ʻulaʻula, hilinaʻi ka ʻiʻo keʻokeʻo i nā hopena kemika wikiwiki e ʻaelike koke a hoʻolōʻihi paha, hilinaʻi ka ʻiʻo ʻulaʻula i ka neʻe mau ʻana o ka oxygen. Ma lalo o ka innervation o ka ʻōnaehana nerve, ʻaelike nā ʻiʻo iwi a hana nā iwi traction i ka neʻe. Loaʻa i ka ʻiʻo iwi kanaka ma mua o 600 mau ʻāpana, hoʻolaha nui ʻia, e helu ana ma kahi o 40% o ke kaumaha o ke kino, kēlā me kēia ʻiʻo iwi me ka nānā ʻole i ka nui, loaʻa i kahi ʻano, hoʻonohonoho, wahi a me nā mea kōkua, a he nui ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā kīʻaha koko a me nā kīʻaha lymphatic, e pili ana i kahi nui o ka innervation nerve. No laila, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻiʻo iwi he ʻōkana.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke ʻiʻo poʻo i ʻelua ʻāpana: ke ʻiʻo maka (ʻiʻo hōʻike) a me ke ʻiʻo nau. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻiʻo kumu i nā ʻiʻo hope, nā ʻiʻo umauma, nā ʻiʻo ʻōpū a me nā ʻiʻo diaphragm. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻiʻo lālā haʻahaʻa i nā ʻiʻo ʻūhā (kuan), nā ʻiʻo ʻūhā, nā ʻiʻo bipi a me nā ʻiʻo wāwae e like me ko lākou wahi, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā mea a pau ma mua o nā ʻiʻo lālā o luna, e pili ana i ke kākoʻo ʻana i ke kaumaha, ka mālama ʻana i ke kūlana pololei a me ka hele wāwae. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻiʻo lālā o luna i nā ʻiʻo poʻohiwi, nā ʻiʻo lima, nā ʻiʻo lima mua, nā ʻiʻo lima a me nā ʻiʻo ʻāʻī e like me ko lākou wahi.