

Nā hiʻohiʻona hana:
1. Ua kau ʻia ka mea maʻi maʻamau i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ma kahi kūlana ʻaoʻao, me ke kua i kū pololei i ka moena, ke poʻo i kūlou i ka umauma mua, nā kuli i kūlou i ka ʻōpū, a ke kūlou nei ke kino.
2. Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka pūhaka. Hoʻopaʻa paʻa ka mea lawelawe i ke poʻo o ka mea maʻi i hoʻohālike ʻia me kekahi lima a me ka fossa popliteal o nā lālā haʻahaʻa ʻelua me ka lima ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke kyphotic ka iwi kuamoʻo i ka hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hakahaka vertebral a hoʻopau i ka puncture.
3. ʻO ke ʻano pololei o ka ʻiʻo pūhaka a me nā hōʻailona maopopo o ka ʻili o ke kino: Aia nā vertebrae lumbar piha he 1 ~ 5 (kino vertebral, papa vertebral arch, kaʻina spinous), sacrum, sacral hiatus, sacral Angle, ligament spinous superior, interspinous band, ligamenta flandum, dura a me omentum, a me ka subomentum, epidural space, sacral canal, posterior superior iliac spine, iliac ridge, thoracic spine process, a me ke kaʻina lumbar spine i hana ʻia mai nā ʻiʻo i luna hiki ke palpated maoli.
4. Hiki ke hana ʻia nā hana aʻe: lumbar anesthesia, lumbar puncture, epidural block, caudal nerve block, sacral nerve block, lumbar sympathetic nerve block.
5. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻohālikelike o ka puncture lumbar: Ke hiki aku ka nila puncture i ka ligamentum flavum i hoʻohālikelike ʻia, piʻi ke kūʻē a aia kahi manaʻo o ka paʻakikī; i ka wā e haki ai ka nila puncture ma o ka ligamentum flavum, aia kahi manaʻo maopopo o ka huhū, ʻo ia hoʻi, komo ia i loko o ka epidural space a loaʻa ke kaomi maikaʻi ʻole, a hoʻokomo ʻia ka wai e hoʻohālike i ka anesthesia epidural; ʻO ka hoʻokomo hou ʻana o ka nila e puncture i ka dura a me ka omentum, a aia kahi manaʻo lua o ka huhū, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke komo ʻana i ka subomentum space, e hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke kahe ʻana o ka wai cerebrospinal, a e hoʻohālike ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa i ke kūlana maoli o ka puncture lumbar lapaʻau.
Hoʻopili ʻana: 1 ʻāpana/pahu, 77x62x33cm, 13kgs



- ʻO ke ʻano pololei o ka ʻiʻo pūhaka a me nā hōʻailona maopopo o ka ʻili o ke kino: piha i ka 1 a 5 lumbar vertebrae (kino vertebral, papa vertebral arch, kaʻina spinous), sacrum, puka sacral, kihi sacral, ligament supraspinous, ligament interspinous, ligamentum flavum, spine paʻakikī Nā membrane a me ka bead reticulum, a me ka subdural reticulum, ka hakahaka epidural, a me ke kahawai sacral i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻiʻo ma luna; ka posterior superior iliac spine, iliac crest, kaʻina spinous thoracic, a me ka lumbar spinous proc
- Hiki ke hana ʻia nā hana aʻe: lumbar anesthesia, lumbar puncture, epidural block, caudal nerve block, sacral nerve block, lumbar sympathetic nerve block.
- ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālike lapaʻau lumbar puncture hoʻohālike kanaka e like me ke ola maoli. ʻO kēia kumu hoʻohālike: 1: 1 ka lakio o ke kino, elasticity, pololei ke anatomia kanaka. Hoʻonoho ʻia ka mea maʻi maʻamau i hoʻohālike ʻia i kahi kūlana i ʻaoʻao, me ke kua i kū pololei i ka ʻili moe, kūlou ke poʻo i mua i ka umauma, kūlou nā kuli i ka ʻōpū, a kūlou ke kino.
- Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka pūhaka. Pono ka mea hana e huki i ke poʻo o ka mea maʻi ma kekahi lima a paʻa i nā lālā haʻahaʻa ma ka popliteal fossa me ka lima ʻē aʻe, i hiki ai i ka iwi kuamoʻo ke kyphosis a hoʻonui i ka hakahaka intervertebral e hoʻopau ai i ka puncture.
- He ʻoiaʻiʻo ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka puncture lumbar: i ka wā e hiki ai ka nila puncture i ka simulated ligamentum flavum, piʻi ka pale ʻana a aia kahi manaʻo o ke kūpaʻa; ʻo ka haki ʻana o ka ligament melemele he manaʻo maopopo o ka hakahaka, ʻo ia hoʻi, komo ia i ka wahi epidural a aia ke kaomi maikaʻi ʻole (i kēia manawa, ʻo ka injection o ka wai anesthetic he anesthesia epidural); e hoʻomau i ke komo ʻana i ka nila e hou i ka dura mater a me ka bead omentum, kahi manaʻo ʻelua o ka hakahaka occu


Ma mua: ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālike maʻi maʻamau uila no ke aʻo ʻana i ka puncture piha Aʻe: Kumu hoʻomaʻamaʻa puncture Thorax (kua)