Nā hiʻohiʻona huahana
1. Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka pūhaka.Pono ka mea hoʻohana e hoʻopaʻa i ke poʻo o ka mea maʻi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka lima hoʻokahi a paʻa paʻa i ke kumu wāwae o nā lālā haʻahaʻa ʻelua me ka lima ʻē aʻe e hana i ka spine kyphotic a hoʻonui i ka ākea vertebral e like me ka hiki ke hoʻopau i ka puncture.2. He pololei ka hale o ka lumbar a ua maopopo nā hōʻailona o ke kino: aia ka 1 ~ 5 lumbar vertebrae (ke kino vertebral, vertebral arch plate, spinous process), sacrum, sacral hiatus, sacral Angle, superior spinous ligament, interspinous ligament , ligament melemele, dura mater a me ka omentum, a me ka subomentum, ka epidural space a me ka sacral canal i hanaʻia e nāʻiʻo i luna: hiki keʻike maoliʻia ka hope o ka iliac spine, ke kuamoʻo iliac, ke kaʻina o ke kuamoʻo a me ke kaʻina hana lumbar spine.3. Hiki i nā hana penei: lumbar anesthesia, lumbar puncture, epidural block, caudal nerve block, sacral nerve block, lumbar sympathetic nerve block. a aia kahi manaʻo o ka paʻakikī, a ʻo ka haki ʻana o ka ligament melemele he manaʻo hoʻohilahila.ʻO ia hoʻi, i loko o ka epidural space, loaʻa ke kaomi maikaʻi ʻole (i kēia manawa, ʻo ka injection o ka wai anesthetic he anesthesia epidural): e hoʻomau i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka nila e hou i ka dura a me ka omentum, aia ka lua o ka manaʻo o ka hemahema, ʻo ia, i loko o ka subomentum space, e hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka wai o ka lolo.Hoʻohālikelike ka hana holoʻokoʻa i ke kūlana maoli o ka puncture lumbar clinical.