
| Nā hana nui: ■ Hana ʻia kēia kumu hoʻohālike me ka palakika i lawe ʻia mai, palupalu a palupalu ka ʻili, a pale wai loa. ■ He "maka dementia" kūikawā ko ka pēpē, ʻelua mau maka e hoʻonui ana i nā māwae liʻiliʻi, ke kihi o waho o ka maka i luna, ʻike maopopo ʻia nā kīnā o loko, ke alahaka o ka ihu, ke alelo e kīkoʻo ana i ka waha, nā malformations congenital he nui, ka ʻāʻī pālahalaha occipital, ka ʻāʻī webbed, ma o ka lima, ua nalowale ka ʻāpana ʻelua o ka manamana lima liʻiliʻi, ʻo nā wāwae ʻelua he "mauʻu kāmaʻa wāwae" (ka mamao ma waena o nā manamana wāwae mua/ʻelua e hoʻonui ana) nā pēpē kāne me ka cryptorchidism. ■ Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka holoi ʻana i ka maka o ka pēpē, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe lauoho, ka ʻauʻau ʻana, ke kāhiko ʻana, ka hānai waiū ʻana, a pēlā aku. ■ ʻAno nani a me ke kapa nani, i hiki i nā keiki ke hoʻomaopopo a ʻae i nā keiki me nā kīnā kino i ke aʻo ʻana. |